Propylene glycol
Flavor carrier; safe at food doses.
- Category
- Emulsifiers, Humectants
- Acceptable daily intake
- 25 mg/kg body weight/day (EFSA)
- Vegan
- Yes
- Vegetarian
- Yes
What it is
Propylene glycol (E1520) is a synthetic, slightly syrupy liquid. It is primarily used as a carrier solvent for flavor extracts and colors, or as a humectant to keep baked goods moist.
How it is used in food
The solvent that carries most liquid food flavorings.
Commonly found in- Flavor extracts (like vanilla or artificial fruit flavors)
- Food coloring
- Soft baked goods and frosting
Health and safety
Its bad press mostly comes from also being used in e-cigarettes and antifreeze formulations — at food doses it’s uneventful.
EFSA’s limit is generous relative to food exposure.
Regulatory status
| Region | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Australia & New Zealand FSANZ |
Permitted | Permitted. |
| European Union EFSA / European Commission |
Permitted | Authorised for food use under EU regulations (Annex II). |
| United States FDA (Food and Drug Administration) |
Permitted | GRAS. |
Identification on labels
- E-number
- E1520
Also printed asPG · Propane-1,2-diol
Alternatives to this additive
- E422: Glycerol — A naturally derived humectant that provides similar moisture-retaining properties.
How it is made
It is a petrochemical derivative, produced by the hydration of propylene oxide.
- Synthesis — Propylene oxide is hydrated with water under heat and pressure.
Worth knowing
Metabolized to lactic acid.
Conclusion
Propylene glycol is completely safe. The human body metabolizes it into lactic acid—the exact same chemical your muscles produce when you exercise. It is efficiently processed and excreted, leaving no toxic residue.
References
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Open the appEntry last reviewed 2026-07-28.
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