Sodium metabisulphite
Sulphite allergen.
- Category
- Antioxidants, Preservatives
- Acceptable daily intake
- 0.7 mg/kg body weight/day (EFSA)
- Vegan
- Yes
- Vegetarian
- Yes
What it is
Sodium metabisulphite (E223) is a powerful, cheap preservative and bleaching agent. When dissolved in water, it releases sulfur dioxide gas, which stops both bacterial growth and the browning of fruits.
How it is used in food
Keeps dried fruit (like apricots) orange and preserves wine.
Commonly found in- Dried fruits (keeps apricots bright orange)
- Wine and cider (to stop fermentation and prevent oxidation)
- Dehydrated potato products
- Shrimp and crustaceans (to prevent black spots)
Health and safety
Asthma sensitivity and mandatory allergen labeling.
For the vast majority of people, E223 is safe. However, for a specific subset of the population—particularly asthmatics—sulfites are highly dangerous.
Severe asthma trigger
Sulfites can trigger bronchospasms, hives, and anaphylaxis in sensitive individuals (roughly 5-10% of asthmatics).
Destroys Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)
Sulfites actively break down thiamin in foods, which is why they are banned from being used in meats (like fresh beef) in many countries.
Subject to strict allergen labeling rules.
Regulatory status
| Region | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Australia & New Zealand FSANZ |
Permitted, must be declared on the label | Permitted, mandatory allergen declaration. “Contains sulphites” |
| European Union EFSA / European Commission |
Permitted | Authorised for food use under EU regulations (Annex II). |
| United States FDA (Food and Drug Administration) |
Permitted, must be declared on the label | GRAS, except in meats or fresh fruits/vegetables. Mandatory allergen declaration. “Contains sulfites” |
Identification on labels
- E-number
- E223
Also printed asSodium metabisulfite · Sodium pyrosulfite
Alternatives to this additive
- E300: Ascorbic acid — Can prevent browning in fruits without triggering asthma, though it lacks the anti-microbial power of sulfites.
How it is made
Produced by reacting sulfur dioxide gas with a solution of sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide.
- Synthesis — Sulfur dioxide is passed through a solution of sodium carbonate.
Worth knowing
The powdered form of sulphur dioxide chemistry.
Conclusion
E223 is a mandatory declarable allergen worldwide. In sensitive individuals, even tiny amounts can trigger severe, life-threatening asthma attacks or anaphylaxis. If you don't have a sulfite sensitivity, it is harmless, but it remains a critical ingredient to watch for if you have respiratory issues.
References
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Open the appEntry last reviewed 2026-07-28.
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