E231 · Preservatives
Orthophenyl phenol
Not authorised in EU, but permitted in AU-NZ and US. No evidence of harm at dietary intake.
- Category
- Preservatives
- Vegan
- Yes
- Vegetarian
- Yes
What it is
Orthophenyl phenol is a fungicide applied to citrus skin after harvest to prevent mould.
How it is used in food
One of the most effective post-harvest treatments against the green mould that ruins stored citrus.
Commonly found in- Post-harvest treatment of citrus (historical)
Health and safety
No known risks at typical dietary levels.
Removed from the EU list of permitted food additives; now regulated as a plant protection product with residue limits.
Regulatory status
| Region | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Australia & New Zealand FSANZ |
Permitted | Permitted under the FSANZ Food Standards Code. |
| European Union EFSA / European Commission |
Not approved | Not on the EU authorised list of food additives (Annex II). |
| United States FDA (Food and Drug Administration) |
Permitted | Authorised for food use by the FDA (often GRAS for standard additives). |
Identification on labels
- E-number
- E231
Worth knowing
It is often applied in the wax coating that gives supermarket citrus its shine, rather than as a separate treatment.
Conclusion
A controversial synthetic fungicide.
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Open the appEntry last reviewed 2026-08-05.
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