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E349 · Acidity regulators

Ammonium malate

Limited risk

Not authorised in EU, but permitted in AU-NZ and US. No evidence of harm at dietary intake.

Category
Acidity regulators
Vegan
Yes
Vegetarian
Yes

What it is

An ammonium salt of malic acid, functioning as an acidity regulator and flavoring agent.

How it is used in food

Ammonium malate is the ammonium salt of malic acid, giving it malate's smooth, slow-building sourness — noticeably rounder and longer-lasting on the palate than citric acid's sharp spike — combined with buffering capacity and a source of assimilable nitrogen for fermentations.

Commonly found in
  • Historically in food processing

Health and safety

Not authorised on the EU main list.

Malic acid and its salts carry a JECFA ADI "not limited", and ammonium malate is GRAS in the United States. The EU authorises the sodium, potassium and calcium malates (E 350–E 352) but not the ammonium salt, so it does not appear in Annex II.

Regulatory status

RegionStatusNotes
Australia & New Zealand
FSANZ
Permitted Permitted under the FSANZ Food Standards Code.
European Union
EFSA / European Commission
Not approved Not on the EU authorised list of food additives (Annex II).
United States
FDA (Food and Drug Administration)
Permitted Authorised for food use by the FDA (often GRAS for standard additives).

Identification on labels

E-number
E349

Worth knowing

Malate is a core citric-acid-cycle intermediate, which is why apples taste tart: the acid the additive mimics is the same molecule every human cell uses to make energy.

Conclusion

An unauthorized acidity regulator.

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Entry last reviewed 2026-07-28.

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