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E476 · Emulsifiers

Polyglycerol polyricinoleate

Limited risk emulsifiervegan uncertain

Chocolate emulsifier (PGPR); EFSA-acceptable at typical doses.

Category
Emulsifiers
Acceptable daily intake
25 mg/kg body weight/day (EFSA)
Vegan
Yes
Vegetarian
Yes

What it is

E476 stands for Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate (often abbreviated as PGPR). It is a highly powerful emulsifier that reduces the viscosity (thickness) of liquid chocolate, allowing it to flow and coat candies smoothly without forming bubbles.

How it is used in food

Makes molten chocolate flow better so manufacturers can use less expensive cocoa butter.

Commonly found in
  • Chocolate bars and coatings (like Mars or Cadbury bars)
  • Low-fat spreads and margarines
  • Salad dressings

Health and safety

EFSA finds it safe at doses far above realistic intake.

Widely studied and deemed safe.

Regulatory status

RegionStatusNotes
Australia & New Zealand
FSANZ		 Permitted Permitted.
European Union
EFSA / European Commission		 Permitted Authorised for food use under EU regulations (Annex II).
United States
FDA (Food and Drug Administration)		 Permitted GRAS.

Identification on labels

E-number
E476

Also printed asPGPR

Alternatives to this additive

  • E322: Lecithins — Often used alongside PGPR. Lecithin reduces viscosity, while PGPR reduces yield stress (the force needed to start the chocolate flowing).

How it is made

It is a synthetic compound created by polymerizing glycerol (which can come from animal or vegetable fats) and reacting it with ricinoleic acid (derived from castor beans).

  1. Esterification — Polyglycerol is reacted with condensed ricinoleic acid from castor beans.

Worth knowing

Made from castor oil; its presence is a cost signal, not a health one.

Conclusion

E476 is primarily a cost-saving measure. By adding a tiny fraction of a percent of PGPR, chocolate manufacturers can drastically reduce the amount of expensive cocoa butter needed. While it is safe, chocolate purists argue it degrades the quality and mouthfeel of true chocolate.

References

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Entry last reviewed 2026-07-28.

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